Ovarian Cancer & Fallopian Tube Cancer | Symptoms & Signs

What is ovarian cancer?

Ovarian cancer develops when abnormal cells grow and multiply uncontrollably in the ovaries. The ovaries play an essential role in the female reproductive system. Located on each side of the uterus, they produce eggs until menopause. They're also the body's primary source of estrogen and progesterone, which help regulate menstruation, pregnancy, and several characteristics of the female body, such as body hair and breast growth.

In addition to the ovaries, cancer can also begin in the fallopian tubes (tubal cancer), which connect both ovaries to the uterus. Rarely, it can also start in the peritoneum, a thin layer of tissue that lines the abdominal cavity. Because fallopian tube and peritoneum cancers often mimic symptoms of ovarian cancer, they are treated similarly. Ovarian cancer & fallopian tube cancer services are available throughout the Washington D.C., Baltimore, Maryland, and Virginia areas.

Ovarian cancer diagnosis

How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?

If you have a suspected ovarian mass, your doctor will ask questions about your symptoms, health, and family medical history. They may also perform one or more of the following tests to determine your diagnosis and stage (extent of the disease).

Pelvic exam: Your doctor will examine your lower abdomen to feel for lumps or any other abnormalities on either side of your uterus. An ovarian mass can be cancerous or non-cancerous (benign), such as an ovarian cyst.
Imaging tests: You may undergo various imaging tests, such as an ultrasound pelvic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or MRI.
Biopsy: There are several different ways your doctor may remove a sample of suspicious tissue for further analysis under a microscope. In some cases, a biopsy can be performed in your OB/GYN office using fine needle aspiration. Other times, a biopsy is collected during surgery.
Blood test: Ovarian cancer cells make a protein called CA-125. While the test itself doesn't detect ovarian cancer, your doctor may use a blood test to measure your CA-125 levels to inform your treatment options if you have ovarian cancer that returns.
Genetic testing: Because certain cases of ovarian cancer are linked to inherited genetics, your doctor may recommend meeting with a genetic counselor. They can help you determine if testing for hereditary cancer genes would benefit you and your immediate family members.